A Review of the Research Evidence Surrounding Risk Perceptions, Risk Management Strategies and their Consequences in Adult Social Care for Different Groups of Service Users

Contents Page List of Tables i Acknowledgements iii Executive Summary v Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Aims and objectives of the study 1 1.2 Scope and limitations of the review 1 Chapter 2 Methods 5 2.1 Identifying relevant literature 5 2.2 Results of the literature search 9 2.3 The process of inclusion and exclusion 9 2.4 Charting the data 12 Chapter 3 The scope and characteristics of the literature 15 3.1 Types of literature identified 15 3.2 Areas of adult social care researched 17 3.3 Risk perceptions: users, informal carers and practitioners 19 3.4 Geographical location 20 Chapter 4 Results 21 4.1 Risk and the search for a 'normal life': Developing and 21 applying normalisation ideas and strategies 4.1.1 Risk, normalisation and adults with learning 22 disabilities 4.1.2 Risk, normalisation and older people 25 4.1.3 Risk, normalisation and young disabled people 29 4.2 Risk and the importance of socially perceived 'competence' 30 4.2.1 Risk, competence and older people 31 4.2.2 Risk, competence and learning disabilities 34 4.2.3 Risk, competence and mental health 38 4.2.4 Risk, competence and young people 40 4.3 Risk and strategies to gain or maintain 'control' 43 4.3.1 Risk, control and service user strategies 44 4.3.2 Risk, control and informal carer strategies 47 4.3.3 Risk, control and practitioner strategies 49 4.4 Risk in different contexts 51 4.4.1 Interpreting and managing risk in different 52 organisational contexts 4.4.2 Risk and the domestic sphere – informal/formal 59 ambiguities and tensions 4.5 Risk and the importance of personal knowledge and 61 experience 4.5.1 Risk and the role of 'experience' amongst 62 practitioners 4.5.2 Risk and the importance of experience for informal 67 carers 4.6 Risk in the context of wider socioeconomic factors 69 4.6.1 Risk and the availability of financial and material 70 resources 4.6.2 Risk and gender 75 4.6.3 Risk and ethnicity 78 4.7 Risk and the role of technology 82 4.7.1 Risk and the role of 'smart' technology 82 4.7.2 Risk and the role of information technology 83 Chapter 5 Overview 85 5.1 The Scoping study 85 5.1.1 Aims and objectives 85 5.